1. Audio and Video Sources
Aishwariya Rai Bacchan, 2005) ‘Kajra Re’, from Bunty Aur Babli [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dsFQFCvVGU (Accessed: 19 November 2025).
Amaliya Group (2022) 'ABotha' [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UM4vdCwujbo (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Laurie Anderson. (1981) O Superman (for Massenet). [Music video] directed and performed by Laurie Anderson. Warner Bros. Records. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VIqA3i2zQw (Accessed: 5 November 2025).
Bjork (1997) 'Unravel', on Homogenic [Audio recording]. London: One Little Indian Records.
Black Men of Labor (2019) ‘New Orleans Jazz Funeral’ (2018) [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VjRnO-p7lQ (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
John Cage. (1952) 4′33″: For Any Instrument or Combination of Instruments [Score]. New York: Henmar Press.
J Dilla (2006) Workinonit, on Donuts [Audio recording]. Los Angeles: Stones Throw Records.
Kenny Endo Taiko Ensemble (2015) ‘Taiko Drumming – Rites of Thunder’ [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chGH2EqhESA (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Fontaines D.C. (2019) Big [video]. Directed by Hugh Mulhern. London: Partisan Records. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLNt8aMNbvY [Accessed 22 Oct. 2025].
Fugazi (1988) Waiting Room (Live at Wilson Center, Washington D.C.) [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGJFWirQ3ks (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Georgia Sea Island Singers (1960) ‘Raggy Levy’ [Field recording]. Recorded by Alan Lomax.
Holly Herndon. (2019) Frontier. [Music video] directed by Mat Dryhurst. 4AD.
Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ygGo5ZwGqU (Accessed: 5 November 2025).
Kathy Keknek and Janet Aglukkaq (2008) 'Kattajait' [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnGM0BlA95I (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Ali Akbar Khan (1959) 'Raga Bhairavi' on Traditional Music of India [Audio recording]. New York: Angel Records.
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (1998) Man Kunto Maula (Live in Seattle) [Audio recording]. Lahore: EMI Pakistan.
Yodo Kurahashi (2011) ‘Futaiken Shakuhachi’ [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grf-MHu1gfQ (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Lil Nas X ft. Billy Ray Cyrus (2019) 'Old Town Road' Official Music Video. Columbia Records [music video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7qovpFAGrQ (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Liłtsoiitah (2014) ‘01 Night Ye'ii Bi Cheii Song #1 by Ye'ii Bi Cheii’ [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDSLvinPUs (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Manganiyar Ensemble (2019) ‘Kesariyo Tilakno – Vogue Fem Category, Unification Ball, La Villette, Paris’ [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYwhTKvi3z8 (Accessed: 19 November 2025).
‘Nhemamusasa’ (traditional Shona) (c. 1972) in Berliner, P. The Soul of Mbira: Music and Traditions of the Shona People [Audio examples on accompanying recording]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Omah Gamelan (2015) Ladrang Ayun Ayun [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4ekNkOevQo (Accessed: 8 October 2025).
Postal Workers at the University of Ghana (1975) ‘Postal Workers Cancelling Stamps’ [Audio recording]. Smithsonian Folkways.
Matana Roberts (2011) 'Kersaia,' on Coin Coin Chapter One: Gens de Couleur Libres [Audio recording]. Montreal: Constellation Records.
Paul Simon with Ladysmith Black Mambazo (1987) ‘Diamonds on the Soles of Her Shoes (Live in Harare)’ [YouTube video]. Available at: insert link here (Accessed: 19 November 2025).
Tinariwen. (2015) Sastanàqqàm. [Music video] directed by Abdellaif Kedider. Wedge. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vACZA9dGvV4 (Accessed: 5 November 2025).
Traditional (2006) 'Abhanga sung during pilgrimage' [Field recording]. Field Recording by Jaime Jones, recorded during the Vārkari pilgrimage on the road to Pandharpur, Maharashtra.
Ulahi (1991) 'Making Sago,' on Voices of the Rainforest [Audio recording]. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Folkways Recordings.
Unification Ball (2019) ‘Vogue Fem – Unification Ball, La Villette, Paris’ [YouTube video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYwhTKvi3z8 (Accessed: 19 November 2025).
2. Written Texts
Becker, J. (2004) Deep Listeners: Music, Emotion, and Trancing. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Blacking, J. (1973) How Musical is Man? Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Bohlman, P.V. (1999) ‘Ontologies of Music’, in Cook, N. and Everist, M. (eds.) Rethinking Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17–34.
Butler, J. (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
Cohen, S. (1995) 'Sounding out the City: Music and the Sensuous Production of Place', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 20(4), pp. 434-446.
DeNora, T. (2000) Music in Everyday Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Feld, S. (1996) 'Waterfalls of Song: An Acoustemology of Place Resounding in Bosavi, Papua New Guinea', in Feld, S. and Basso, K.H. (eds.) Senses of Place. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, pp. 91-135.
Friedson, S.M. (1996) Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hall, S. (1989) ‘Cultural Identity and Diaspora’, Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media, 36, pp. 222–237.
Juslin, P.N. and Sloboda, J.A. (2013) ‘Music and Emotion’, in The Psychology of Music. 3rd edn. Oxford: Academic Press.
Korczynski, M. (2003) ‘Music as Work: Towards a Cultural Economy of Musical Labour’, Theory, Culture & Society, 20(3), pp. 41–57.
Kozak, M. (2019) ‘Varieties of Musical Time’, Music Theory Online, 25(1).Rodgers, T. (2010) Pink Noises: Women on Electronic Music and Sound. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Introduction, pp. 1–14.
Théberge, P. (2015) ‘Digitalization’, in Shepherd, J. and Devine, K. (eds.) The Routledge Reader on the Sociology of Music. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 362–369.
Turino, T. (2008) Music as Social Life: The Politics of Participation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.