DEV20010

This module is designed to introduce students to key themes and debates in the field of international development. It provides both a historical foundation and a contemporary perspective on major issues shaping development outcomes across the world. The course begins with an exploration of the historical origins of development and underdevelopment tracing how colonial legacies and global inequalities have shaped divergent development paths. Building on this foundation, students will be introduced to the concept of the “Middle-Income Trap”—what it is, why some countries remain stuck in this trap, the socio-economic consequences of stagnation, and the policy strategies through which countries may attempt to escape it. We then turn to contemporary challenges and debates in development. Key themes include the impact of globalization, particularly international trade and foreign direct investment, on economic growth and social outcomes. The course also introduces the role of institutions in development. We ask What are institutions? Why are they important? Students will examine how institutional quality influences growth, investment, and prosperity, with special attention to the colonial origins of comparative development. Another major theme explored is corruption and crony capitalism. The module investigates why corruption persists, contrasting the “Grease the Wheels” versus “Sand the Wheels” perspectives, and assessing the developmental consequences of corruption. We also discuss strategies for combating corruption, drawing on both conventional approaches and innovative, out-of-the-box solutions. The course concludes by examining development aid and finance. Students will engage with fundamental questions like What is aid? Who gives aid, to whom, and why? What are the political motivations and consequences of aid flows? Alongside bilateral and multilateral aid, attention will be given to development finance through international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), evaluating their role in shaping economic policies and development trajectories.

By the end of this module, students will have gained a broad yet critical understanding of the historical, political, and economic dimensions of development, while engaging with some of the most pressing debates in the field today.