Learning Outcomes:
On completion of this module students will have a broader appreciation of the commonly and/or historically used analytical techniques and how to analyse and interpret data. Students will also gain more in depth-knowledge or emerging and established pollutants of concern in the aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric environments and how such pollutants are monitored.
Indicative Module Content:
1. Volumetric Analysis
Reversible reactions & equilibria. The equilibrium constant. mono and multi-protic acids. Acid-base equilibria. Precipitation and and complexation equilibria. Acid-base titration. Titration curves. Precipitation and complexation titration. The Kjeldahl method, Winkler method, Mohr's method and other industrially relevant titrations.
2. Potentiometric Analysis
Electrodes, electrochemical equilibria and the Nernst equation. Liquid junctions. The pH meter and ion selective electrodes. Redox titrations with indicators. Potentiometry and ion selective electrodes. Redox titration curves. The Karl-Fisher titration and other industrially relevant redox titrations.
3. Electro- Analysis
Electrolysis and electro-gravimetric analysis. Amperometry, the Clark electrode and the blood glucose monitor. Coulometric titration. Basic principles of cyclic voltammetry. Stripping analysis. Coulter counters and nanopores for single-molecule measurement.
4. Radiometric Analysis
Isotopes and types of radiation. First order kinetics and radioactive decay. Radiation detection and quantification. Gamma spectroscopy, liquid scintillation counting. Positron Emission Tomography. Radiometric tracers.
5. Chemical Analysis of the Aquatic Environment
Water quality. Pollution of the aquatic environment. Bulk components and trace substances. Contaminants of emerging concern. Water sampling, field measurements and laboratory analysis. Spectrophotometry and colorimetry. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
6. Chemical Analysis of the Terrestrial Environment
Soil and sediment pollution. Nutrients, minerals and contaminants. Cation exchange capacity. Sample collection, preparation and extraction. Combustion analysis. X-Ray fluorescence. Inductively coupled plasma analysis.
7. Chemical Analysis of the Atmospheric Environment
Atmospheric pollution. Gaseous pollutants, particulate matter and Volatile Organic Compounds. Air sampling and remote sensing. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Infrared spectroscopy.