Learning Outcomes:
On completion of this module students should be able to:
Describe the nuclear and electronic structure of atoms.
Describe the bonding between atoms in polyatomic substances.
Account for the chemical and physical properties of compounds in terms of their structures.
Balance chemical equations and carry out stoichiometry calculations.
Identify simple organic compounds and predict their chemical properties.
Carry out simple laboratory procedures safely.
Indicative Module Content:
Lecture 1: In The Beginning…
What is chemistry; societal role of chemistry; nature of matter.
Lecture 2: States and classification of matter
States of matter; kinetic-molecular model of matter; classifying matter; the elements
Lecture 3: Chemical reactions; atomic theory; isotopes and mass
Chemical reactions; balancing equations; atomic structure; atomic number; isotopes; abundances; atomic weights and masses.
Lecture 4: Moles and yields
The mole; molar mass; interconverting amounts (moles, mass, volumes); yields and limiting reagents;
Lecture 5: Atomic structure and orbitals
The shape of the periodic table; atomic structure and quantum numbers; rules for filling orbitals; notation for electronic configurations using noble gases.
Lecture 6: Orbital energies and valence electrons
Orbital energy levels; effect of nuclear charge; valence electrons; average valence electron energy;
Lecture 7: Covalent bonding and Lewis structures
Octet and duet rule; covalent bonding; Lewis structures; MO theory
Lecture 8: Covalent bonding and hypervalency
Higher-order bonds; Lewis structures; dative bonds; formal charges; hypervalency
Lecture 9: Covalent bond strengths and molecular shapes
Bond dissociation energy; VSEPR; electron domains; molecular shapes;
Lecture 10: Electronegativity, bond polarity and ionic bonding
Electronegativity; bond polarity; ionic bonding; Haber cycles; ionic packing and structure.
Lecture 11: Ion formation, ionic bonding, metallic bonding and structure determination
Ion formation; cations and anions; properties of ionic compounds; ionic bonding and the bonding continuum; metallic bonding; bonding triangle; structural characterization techniques.
Lecture 12: Intermolecular forces, the case of water, solvation/solutions
Boiling point trends reveal interactions, including dipolar and dispersion. H-bonding dissolution and entropy.
Lecture 13: Amounts, concentrations and stoichiometry
Moles, Avogadro’s number, calculation of amount/concentrations in pure and dilute substances and following simple reactions.
Lecture 14: Reaction rates, self-ionisation of water and dynamic chemical equilibria
Idea of instantaneous rate and rate constants and their temperature dependence, reaction profiles and transition states, catalysts, concept of equilibria.
Lecture 15: Equilibrium systems
Equilibrium expressions and constants; ionic product of water; introduction to acids.
Lecture 16: Acids, bases and pH
Examples of weak and strong acids and bases, pH scale; pOH.
Lecture 17: Conjugate acid/base pairs
pH calculations for weak and strong acids and bases; concept of pKa; conjugate pairs .
Lecture 18: Lewis acids and bases/introduction to inorganic chemistry
Lewis concept; metal complexes; solubility of ionic substances; precipitation reactions.
Lecture 19: Oxidation-reduction reactions
Oxidation and reduction examples; calculating oxidation states; oxidising and reducing agents; examples.
Lecture 20: States of matter; solids, liquids and gases
Revision of states of matter; measurement of pressure; Gas Laws; Ideal gas law calculations.
Lecture 21: Introduction to organic chemistry
Why is carbon special; line structures; hydrocarbons; alkanes; alkenes; aromatics; functional groups.
Lecture 22: Recap
Question and answer session, revisiting calculations from throughout the second part of the course.