Learning Outcomes: by the end of this module, students will be able to:

*Explain the mechanics of breathing and the physical principles governing respiratory function.
*Describe the process of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues, including the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
*Understand the neural and chemical regulation of respiration.
*Analyze the physiological adaptations of the respiratory system to exercise and high-altitude environments.
*Identify the pathophysiological changes in common respiratory diseases and understand their clinical implications.
*Utilise diagnostic tools and interpret results relevant to respiratory function.
*Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills through case studies and practical sessions.

Introduction to Respiratory Physiology
-Overview of the respiratory system
-Structure and function of the respiratory tract
-Mechanics of breathing
-Lung volumes and capacities

Gas Exchange and Transport
-Diffusion of gases
-Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
-Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
-Factors affecting gas exchange
-Regulation of Respiration

Neural control of breathing
-Chemical regulation (chemoreceptors and their responses)
-Respiratory centers in the brainstem
-Reflexes involved in respiration

Respiratory Adaptations
-Respiratory response to exercise and high altitude

Respiratory Pathophysiology
-Common respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pneumonia, lung cancer)
-Pathophysiological mechanisms
-Clinical manifestations and diagnosis

Diagnostic Techniques in Respiratory Physiology
-Spirometry and lung function tests
-Blood gas analysis
-Pulmonary function tests

Not applicable to this module.

• Feedback individually to students, post-assessment
• Group/class feedback, post-assessment
• Online automated feedback
• Peer review activities
• Self-assessment activities

Feedback will be available at the request of the student following publication of final grades